Category: Perspective

By Izzie James.

Content Warning: References to Sexual Assault

This past week, fans of the artist Alexander O’Connor, known by his stage name ‘Rex Orange County’, were left heartbroken when it emerged that he is being taken to court over sexual assault charges. Although the trial is yet to happen, the idea that their favourite artist could do something so horrible sent shockwaves through his fanbase and the internet. 

Many people took to social media to express their disappointment and disgust. O’Connor’s music was a source of comfort. Those who have been supporting him for years found themselves unable to listen to his music. Thoughts went out to the victim, who remains anonymous, with fans tweeting messages such as: ‘this has broken me but my sympathy only lies with the victim’ and ‘we’re truly hurt but can’t imagine how the victim feels.’

The case against O’Connor brings back a question that has been asked for many years: Should we separate the art from the artist? How can we? Should we no longer listen to someone’s music, watch their movies or consume their artwork after they have been accused of something so terrible?

For fans in 2022, separating the art from the artist seems different. This is because social media has created a new insight into the lives of the artist. Fans will feel closer to the artist because they can view their everyday life through social media, creating this sense of knowing the artist on an intimate level. Before social media, you couldn’t just log onto Instagram to see what your favourite celebrity is up to, or interact with them through your phone. With O’Connor’s charges coming to light, many fans feel that a personal connection, and a form of trust, has been broken. It goes to show that social media is not a reality, and that following and watching someone religiously through a screen does not mean that you know them.

There is another strange dimension to separating the art from the artist. Some artists are able to push past their controversies and accusations. Chris Brown has had numerous charges against him, with the most notorious being his assault on Rihanna in 2009. He’s also been accused of theft, sexual assault and has had a restraining order filed against him. Despite all this, he still has a huge following, with his music continuing to be played around the world.

Although O’Connor has pleaded not guilty, with his trial date set for January, his reception after the case will be interesting. Rex Orange County is considered a ‘nice guy’. His music centres around love, heartbreak and healing. His lyrics include statements such as:

‘It ain’t new to me, feeling this lonely’

‘There ain’t no one else more beautiful in this damn world’

‘I can show you everything’

In contrast, Chris Brown’s lyrics are littered with profanities, objectifying women and boasting about his actions:

‘These hoes ain’t loyal’

‘I can make a broke bitch rich’

‘She f*** me for the fame’

Chris Brown’s ability to continue to thrive in the music world suggests that the image an artist perpetuates affects people’s reactions to their controversies. O’Connor, if proven guilty, will induce a huge feeling of betrayal in his fans, as they saw him as the reliable ‘nice guy’. In contrast, Chris Brown embodies the ‘bad boy’ trope, an unapologetically controversial figure who does not shy away from it in his lyrics. Where O’Connor opens up about sadness and loneliness in his songs, creating a bridge between listener and singer, Chris Brown keeps you at a distance, his songs never really breaking through surface level materiality. 

If O’Connor is proven guilty, he should not be allowed the privilege of having a platform or continuing to produce music. Chris Brown should not either, but unfortunately, he has come out of his controversies fairly unscathed. Expectations aside, it is important to hold all artists to the same standards. We shouldn’t be giving a platform to assaulters. Social media is a great way to support your favourite artist, but it is not always an accurate portrayal of that person.

By Thea Opperman.

Autumn leaves turning; thick knitwear and coats being brought out again; the fading, but still somewhat fresh tan from summer giving the illusion you are not as exhausted from freshers as you feel; limited assignments and work; the joys of making your new house (filled with mould) feel more like home. These are just a few of a myriad of reasons why the beginning of the year is so enjoyable, and why October is a happy month – I think.

Now, remember that feeling – that happiness – because by week 3 it all comes crashing down, and like a bolt of lightning, you are hit with the question of housing. “Where will I live? Who will I live with? How many of us will stay together? Are we really good enough friends yet? I’ve only known them for two weeks!! And what if my budget doesn’t stretch? How will I tell them I can’t afford what they can?…” and on, and on, and on. The anxiety of housing is an age-old problem, but something feels different in the air this year, something much more alarming. 

Traditionally, one of the main problems facing freshers is the question of who they will live with, considering how quickly Durham’s housing drive gets going. We have all been there, sussing out your hallmates whilst they size you up too. During the coronavirus years, this problem could not have been felt more prominently, given how small fresher’s social circles were, and thus their ability to ‘find their people’, as the saying goes. 

So when reaching second year, one would hope those problems might stay firmly put in the memories of ‘the good old days.’ But alas, just as soon as you have figured out how the malfunctioning shower works in your new house, you have to start thinking of third year housing, and the cycle restarts: “Which group will you fall into? How can you slim down from 6 people to 4? Would writing a dissertation with their mess be possible? Can I really live with them again?!” Once again you find yourself frantically running around Durham begging any estate agent to show you something half decent within budget, all the while trying even harder not to jeopardise friendships and feelings. 

As mentioned above however, these issues are not particularly new, and, as most students can attest, come Christmas, the nightmares of housing are a thing of the past. But this year there is an added layer of complexity in the air: the excessive rise in the cost of living, paired with the overpopulation of such a small city as Durham, has led to an atmosphere of extreme stress and anxiety when it comes to finding student accommodation. 

It has been reported that the day before Frampton & Roebuck estate agents released their housing, students were waiting in line from 2am. Now, where the fault lies for these cases is a potent question, and undoubtedly, the university’s responsibility for the extremities of the situation cannot be understated. Zara, a second-year student waiting to sign for her final year, told Wayzgoose that “having to queue through the hours of the night to sign a house, because of the university’s desire to oversubscribe for profit, was a hard pill to swallow at 2 o’clock in the morning.” 

Sadly, Zara’s words ring true. In 2017, Durham released a document outlining their Building Strategy for the next ten years. They write “[we are] committed to delivering excellence across the board… Nevertheless, we can do better and to that end we have reviewed the size, shape, and mission of the University. We currently have 15,000 students in Durham City… [but] Following extensive work, [the] Council [of the university] has agreed to increase the student population at Durham University to 21,500 by 2027.” 

Let’s take stock of these staggering figures for a moment: Durham has reached 20,268 students, according to their website. That is only 1000 students away from their predicted target for 2027. To have achieved an 81% increase of the 10-year goal in just 5 years is terrifying, even when considering the argument that this extreme spike has been compounded by coronavirus. 

Zara went on to highlight that “it also puts students in an unfair position of risk and vulnerability” by having to queue in the middle of the night; but I would argue it does much more. By expanding Durham at such a rate that their 43% 10-year growth rate is achieved in half the time, the university makes students incredibly vulnerable to private landlord’s fluctuating rent prices. Looking at my own third year flat this year, costing us £140 per week, including bills. Next year, however? It has been raised to £195, not including bills. That’s a near 40% increase in just one year.

But what does this mean for the everyday student trying to find somewhere to live? Well, the university clearly has severe structural issues at hand, but the mental health factors and implications of this crisis are arguably far greater. One student told Wayzgoose that their friends, having formed a group of 5, were “forced to drop one person as the 4-man houses were all they could afford”, leading to obvious cases of loneliness, exclusivity, and seclusion. Furthermore, Max, a third year looking for Master’s accommodation, stated that “housing has taken up so much of my time that work and sports have had to take a back seat.”

Clearly, then, everyday life is being seriously affected here for many. But, as Emma, a second-year student, told us, her forced re-shift of their group last year has meant living with an add-on who “has been the best new housemate!” This crisis is undoubtedly a problem, but perhaps it may lead to more patience and kindness from one student to another. The reassurance of home security creates the space in which art, academics, personal growth, and creativity may flourish. Students now stripped of this sense of security are not only plunged into impending physical vulnerability, but also a mental ‘fight-or-flight’. All I can hope for by highlighting these issues is that those feeling them most profoundly might see that it is not their fault, and that they are not alone. 

Sources: Durham University Strategy 2017-2027 

(https://www.durham.ac.uk/media/durham-university/about-us/pdfs/DurhamUniversityStrategy2017-2027Summarydoc.pdf)

By Amelia Melvin.

About halfway through my audio tour, which guides me through the so-called Masterpieces of the Louvre Museum, I come across Caravaggio’s, ‘Death of a Virgin’. Placed in the centre of the Denon Wing, looming at a massive 370cm x 245cm, it certainly is hard to miss. The lady in my headphones speaks of its scandalous origins, and Caravaggio’s unpopular choice to depict the Virgin Mary as a prostitute, drawing on elements of the real rather than the sublime. The grieving apostles appear as ordinary men, and there is a darkness which emanates that is accentuated by the vivid use of the red and black background. What strikes me, is that despite my somewhat limited knowledge of Caravaggio, the artist, he was an artistic master of his time and thereby his art would be consistently valued. Needless to say, the grandeur of the painting before me does not disappoint. To learn, however, that this painting was rejected from the Roman Catholic Church of which it was commissioned, and that it was only venerated posthumously, definitely surprises me. Of course as a pretext to this, I am no expert in 17th Century Italian paintings, nor on the standards of Catholic art for that matter. However, learning of the Roman Catholic Church’s decision did get me thinking about the way in which there are no absolutes in our perspectives of art. The validity of an interpretation relies largely upon specific variables of time, place and person, all of which can be shifted through just a matter of opinion.

Later, I arrive at what has to be one of my favourite paintings in the Louvre: Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres’, ‘La Grande Odalisque’. Painted in 1814, I learn that Ingres follows traditions of Neoclassical art whilst drawing upon influences of Romanticism. The naked female body he presents is an image of sensuality and classic femininity, and yet as a representation of human form, it is deformed and inaccurate. The audio points out the overly long back, and the disproportionate size of her legs, and even the unnatural turn of her head to look at the viewer of the painting. On the whole, these distortions add to the illusion of the divine woman, and create this ethereal beauty that radiates from the work when I look at it. Despite the widespread critical acclaim the painting now receives, I am not shocked to learn that in 1819, when the painting was first exhibited, there were many who were outraged by the blatant anatomical inaccuracies in a supposedly naturalist painting. I, for one, can’t deny a certain unease I have with the idea of a male painter restricting his female subject to the mode of the aesthetic rather than the realistic. Indeed, when his later works began to take prominence, this piece too began to be regarded in a different light. Even further along, this painting, and Ingres’ techniques, became inspiration for future surrealist and avant-garde artists. I love this piece not only because it plays with ideas of beauty, but also because it seems to encompass three very integral ideas of art; that of the challenging, the inspiring and the subjective.

During my time in Paris, I was staying in a hostel in the local town of Belleville. There I met two backpackers from Germany, named Lasse and Rickie. Rickie studies Art History at The University of Hamburg, and Lasse is a mechanic. Over beers in the hostel bar, we began telling each other of our experiences of the city, in particular our thoughts on the exhibitions in the Louvre. Rickie offered an insightful overview of the Islamic Art exhibition, found on the bottom level of the museum. Her response largely focused on what she found particularly interesting, and what she had learnt and understood from some of the displays. Lasse described his enjoyment in finding the silliness in the gallery’s exhibits, and the absurdity he felt viewing some of these works for what they were. He began by getting out his phone, and chuckling to himself, showed us a collection of zoomed-in pictures of the penises of each of Michelangelo’s sculptures. Now, don’t get me wrong, my initial response, as I can only imagine some of yours may be also, was that of shock at the utter contempt for the high and classic that is Michelangelo’s art. But then I was pleasantly surprised. In boyish humour, Lasse described how absurd it was that all these people were standing so seriously and solemnly throughout the gallery, taking in every piece as it came, as if its value was set in stone by the very fact that it existed within this museum. He found humour in the pretentiousness, and was able to appreciate the art from this viewpoint. From what he described, I have this image of him wandering around, giggling and laughing incessantly, taking pictures of things others would ignore or see differently.

Though dissimilar, I don’t think that Lasse’s perspective is any less valid than the perspective of Rickie. I am sure that the latter may be more respected in the, quote, unquote, ‘Art World’, and it is hard to deny how Rickie’s art education might have shaped her experience, but I believe that Lasse’s refreshing interpretation is one that actually has the potential to open up new avenues of understanding and exploration of artistic works, in a way that a traditional viewpoint would not. In my eyes, the very nature of art begs to be subjectivised. It only comes alive when it is interpreted, misinterpreted and reinterpreted. Any hierarchy in which these interpretations can be placed are no more products of their time and influences, than the interpretations themselves. Just as in the rejection of Caravaggio’s, ‘Death of a Virgin’, or in the controversy of Ingres’ shaping of the female body, Lasse’s delight at the anatomy of Michelangelo’s sculptures will always be plausible even if it does not align with interpretations of the expected or of the norm.

By Izzie James.

When discussing contraception with friends, there will often be someone who has a negative story to tell. Experiences of acne, mood swings, depression and weight gain often come up when talking about the contraceptive pill. 

Although this isn’t the case for all women, and the pill can be an effective option to prevent pregnancy, it is difficult to ignore the long list of side effects that taking the pill can have. Recently, a viral TikTok trend where women held up this list of side effects to the camera sparked a wave of frustration, with comments comparing the list to the ‘size of a large blanket’. It is hard to comprehend that a contraceptive option that is used so widely and by so many young women can have this many adverse impacts on the female body.

It should be made clear that I am in no way discouraging the use of contraception or saying that the birth control pill should not be used. Sometimes pills can even be helpful in combating problems such as acne, or reducing painful period cramps and heavy bleeding. However, I think that our attitude towards the impacts of the pill should be improved, and we should be attempting to dismiss the stigma around discussing birth control. Starting a broad conversation about the contraceptive pill and making sure that it is the correct option for you is essential for your health. Both mental and physical health should not be compromised by birth control, especially as educating women on their options can make an important difference.

Too many women settle with the pill they are first prescribed, thinking that experiencing effects such as acne, weight gain or tiredness is a small price to pay for preventing an unwanted pregnancy. A large number of women also experience stomach cramps from period pains, meaning that they’ll be used to the uncomfortable realities of the female body. However, being aware that your current pill is not suited to your body can make a world of difference. 

For women considering taking a combination pill, knowledge of something called ‘the pill ladder’ can be very useful. Combination pills contain both oestrogen and progestogen, however there are many different types, some containing more oestrogen, some containing more progestogen (it should also be noted that there is the option of a progestogen-only pill). If a woman takes a combination pill with higher levels of oestrogen, and experiences effects that can be blamed on this, she should consider taking a pill with lower levels of this hormone. The same can be said for progestogen dominant combination pills. This means the woman would move along ‘the pill ladder’, moving left for less oestrogenic impacts and right for less progestogenic impacts. An example of this would be if a woman is experiencing acne and mood swings on a progesterone dominant pill such as Microgynon, it is worth moving right across the ladders to a more oestrogen dominant pill such as Cilest.’ (This is quoted from the ‘GP Notebook’, which is linked below and highly recommended for more in-depth detail.)

I decided to open up a conversation with my housemates. These opinions are not being included to discourage anyone from taking the birth control pill, and I would like to preface them by stating that we all agreed that access to birth control is extremely important for women today. One girl emphasised that she found the birth control pill to be effective and stress-free, and that she did not experience any negative side effects. However, the general consensus of the group was that to improve women’s experiences on the pill, we all need to prioritise education, conversation and support. 

It was clear that some of my housemates thought that the pill was prescribed to them flippantly, and one claimed that she was advised to persevere through any immediate symptoms, as they could ‘settle’ after some time. She now regrets staying on this pill for so long, as she later found another form of contraception much more compatible with her body. She added that taking the pill becomes built-in to a daily routine, so much so that transitioning off it seems like a huge step. This leads to further worry about the sudden hormonal change that women could experience all over again, even though, for my housemate, this transition actually helped her find a more suitable form of contraception.

Another one of my housemates spoke about how she had gone to her school’s medicine centre with some friends, and they were all automatically prescribed the same pill. Looking back on the experience, she spoke about how they all would have had different hormonal makeups, and that their individual reactions to this pill would have been different. However, none of them were told that a check-up on their birth control journey was necessary. She thought that a scheduled check-up with her GP would have been very useful, as she could have listed any side effects that she had experienced and they could have considered whether that specific pill was right for her. 

We all agreed: the realisation that you do not have to settle for birth control has only come to us in our twenties. Although the fault does not lie with us, we all wished that we had been educated on information like ‘the pill ladder’, so that we could have had more productive conversations with our GPs about what was best for our bodies. It is therefore vital that young girls who want to begin taking the contraceptive pill have the right information and education to put their bodies first.

Recommendations:

https://gpnotebook.com/en-gb/simplepage.cfm?ID=x20130725203135685340

Sophie Smith Galer’s ‘Losing It: Sex Education for the 21^st Century’

‘Your brain on birth control.’ From Women’s Health Weekly (available through Durham online library)

By Samir Singh.

On the 29th of July 2022, a twenty-eight-year-old, mild-mannered Londoner performed an hour-long Boiler Room set to an energetic crowd. The artist in question, Fred John Philip Gibson (more commonly known by his stage name Fred Again) had been a somewhat elusive figure as a musical producer, despite working alongside the likes of Burna Boy and Stormzy. Preferring not to share the limelight with the commercially successful artists he worked with, Fred Again remained something of an enigma to his contemporaries.

Fast forward three months, his boiler room performance had amassed millions of views on YouTube, meaning Fred is quickly becoming a household name in electronic music. Just by watching his performances online, the underlying reasons behind his meteoric rise to stardom become apparent. Fred Again possesses a certain talent for inducing complete elation in the crowds that gather to see him play. His rare mix of vivid storytelling and euphoric instrumentation is reminiscent of a previous era of dance music, a time that seemed less digital and uniform, and therefore far more tactile and human.

A few minutes into his boiler room set, I was hit with a wave of intoxicating nostalgia; somehow this platinum-blond-haired Londoner seemed to encapsulate the pure joy of early Daft Punk, the honest storytelling of Kendrick Lamar, and the addictive basslines of Chase & Status. Fred is a breath of fresh air to a genre that is suffocated by formulaic, synthetic dance tunes devoid of real personality. Fred is able to separate himself from other artists by providing music that is as fiercely intimate and personal as it is sonically enjoyable. Brutally honest anecdotes of substance abuse and mental health problems interweave the melodies of Fred’s house inspired tracks. In a digital age, where human connection is a rare commodity, Fred Again’s music is something of a saving grace.

The rapid ascent of Fred Again to fame, and the cult following he has amassed along the way, is indicative of an important sentiment – there is an intrinsic gravitation towards art that is honest and vulnerable. While Fred’s music is being played in virtually every underground club in London, it is important to recognize that Fred’s newfound acclaim is a consequence of how unapologetically human his music is.

By Ella Bishop.

Are graduate applications geared against women? The never-ending process of situational judgement tests, numerical reasoning, online tests, interviews, is draining enough without gender bias coming into it. Women hear well-meaning advice, such as ‘Men are assertive…be more confident…’, but is this just a thinly veiled version of telling women to ‘Be more like men’? Instead, should we be advocating shifting the system to value more stereotypically ‘female’ qualities? Of course, many companies assess applications ‘blind’, but this may not be enough, given that ultimately the goal is to reach an in-person assessment like an interview. Moreover, the debate ostensibly relies upon the massive generalisations and gender binaries of ‘male’ and ‘female’ characteristics, but so too does the gender bias of the system. Importantly, there are far more biases – racial, sexuality, gender expression – that happen within applications that are incredibly problematic and deserve great attention and endeavour to correct, however I am purely discussing the gender bias that occurs within graduate applications/tests/interviews. Here’s what companies from a range of industries had to say on the question of the difference between male and female performances within applications.

Numerical reasoning tests, such as the ones necessary for consultancy applications, are potentially the most unbalanced, with men often outperforming women. The very layout of the test appears to disadvantage women: multiple choice questions under timed conditions. Generally, men are more comfortable guessing the ones they have not had time to answer, whereas women are more likely to leave them blank. However, making an educated guess, especially if you can eliminate one or two options, yields higher results and thus men are more successful at it: women are less like to take this risk and it is to their detriment. Whilst on the whole, there was not a significant difference in performance based upon gender, the general feedback was that women could and should be promoting themselves more, being more explicitly proud of their achievements and being more assertive. In case study interviews, men will answer more confidently and will attempt to answer even if they are unsure, where woman can be more hesitant even if they have the right answer. Of course, alternatively, more nuanced and flexible opinions are also valuable, and the advice is definitely not to unthinkingly assert yourself if you know you are wrong, but to confidently present your ideas even if you are not sure.

Interestingly and perhaps predictably, the most generic, unhelpful response was from the investment sector, who gave an, ironically, unconfident, vague account of gender diversity improving. It was decided that generally, they think that last year the gender split at that stage of first interview was proportional to candidates they received, but there is a higher percentage of male applicants, so even by the first stage there tends to be an imbalance. Despite the lack of actionable advice, the evasive answer does suggest that there is an undercurrent of gender bias at graduate application level, even if unconscious, that is not being addressed or solved. But is it the responsibility of companies to level the playing field or does the weight fall upon women to be aware and make these changes?

The most balanced response, a middle way between both recognising bias and creating realistic ways to generate a fairer application system, came from within the consumer goods sector. They identified bias in the system they had set up and altered it, so that it produced a more balanced group of applicants. For example, when listing qualifications needed for a particular role, they will not ask for more than three or four, knowing that women are more likely to only apply to a job if they meet all of the criteria, whereas men are happier applying even if they only meet a few of the required qualifications. Additionally, they acknowledge that women are more likely to talk about their achievements in terms of what ‘we’ or ‘the team’ did or use verbiage such as ‘assisted’ or ‘helped’, rather than focusing on what ‘I’ accomplished. Therefore, they bring this awareness into an interview and practise asking what interviewees themselves did specifically.

Realistically, I think the responsibility remains upon women to make the changes that enable them to perform better in interviews. There is a clear variation of approaches towards gender bias across various industries and of course for the majority of jobs, hiring should not be based upon gender, but regardless of gender. But it is undeniable that this bias, as well as many others, does exist and therefore there is a need to equalise applications. There does not seem to be an overall, external pressure on companies to be levelling the playing field. Fundamentally, it rests on the individuals who are in positions of power within companies to be pushing for this internal change and it should be on all of our agendas for when we are able to make these changes ourselves, in order to help the generations that come after us.