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Bob Dylan at his Most Sincere

Bob Dylan at His Most Sincere

Cosmo Adair

 

New York City, 16th September 1974. A waning singer returns to the studio where he recorded his first album. He plays a new song called ‘Idiot Wind’; it’s vitriolic, disgusted, a paean to the difficulties of fame. The production team and the session musicians are astounded. He finishes the song and turns to them. “Was that sincere enough?”

Of course, he knew it was. ‘Humble’ isn’t an epithet very often used to describe Bob Dylan. You can picture him as he speaks: the dark sunglasses, cigarette dangling from his lips and a grin of elusive circumspection. In fact, there’s a degree of sincerity to every track on the album. After all its title, Blood on the Tracks, wasn’t chosen at random. In Dylan’s most lyrical album he exposes his bloody heart and lets it bleed upon the airwaves.

The only thing lacking sincerity, however, is the singer himself. He consistently denies that the album is of any autobiographical interest. What does he call it, then? ‘An entire album based on Chekhov short stories’. Even the most loyal Dylan fans can’t deny that remark is pretentious. Yet there’s something strangely human in his suggestion that this tender expurgation of feeling isn’t personal. Even after singing for 45 minutes on the subject, he’s still incapable of discussing it.

It’s hard not to begin with ‘Tangled Up in Blue’. It’s the first song on the album and, I dare say, it’s the most elusive. To me, the song seems to discuss how being overly tangled up in one’s own emotions and seeing things from a single standpoint makes a relationship impossible. It’s that age-old issue of not being able to enter the belovéd’s mind. But Dylan brings new vigor, new sincerity to this issue — and he does so by scrapping linear narrative and allowing the song to drift between the first and third person singular. He plays with this in the song’s concluding lines:

‘We always did feel the same

We just saw it form a different point of view

Tangled up in blue’.

With time-granted distance, Dylan recognises that his inability to understand his lover made the relationship impossible. The conscious use of several perspectives makes it clear that now he is able to understand these things.

If you’re listening on vinyl or CD, there’s a brief pause. Then you’ll hear the gentle strums of an acoustic guitar escape the muffled amplifier. The progress from E Major, to E Major 7, to E7 calls the listener into its world of melancholy languor and summer evenings. It’s ‘Simple Twist of Fate’, and the painfully eidetic recall of a past romance sits atop of the chords. There’s the clocks, the saxophones, the neon lights. Love once heightened his perception of things, but now it’s gone by ‘a simple twist of fate’.

Similar techniques are at play here: the seamless transitions between time-periods, and the changes in perspective. The romance of the first 4 verses is undermined by the 5th: ‘He woke up; the room was bare’. Has this whole story so far been a dream? The directness of that line hammers home her absence. Such bareness — the lack of images, the sensory void — seems purposefully contrasted to the earlier details (the ‘neon burning bright’, ‘the heat of the night hit him like a freight train’). A distance between then and now is established; whatever he tries, he cannot resurrect that distant night.

Throughout the album, the idea of fate is crucial to a successful relationship. In ‘Tangled Up in Blue’, this constantly reunites the lovers, but in ‘Simple Twist of Fate’ it condemns them to be apart. The heartbreakingly cryptic line, ‘She was born in Spring, but I was born too late’, hammers this home.

This idea reappears in ‘If You See Her, Say Hello’. There’s a geographical distance between them (‘she might be in Tangier’), but we later discover,

‘And though our separation

It pierced me to the heart

She still lives inside of me

We’ve never been apart’.

Memory is able to cancel geographical distance. He negates the distance in a figurative sense, thus what we’d suspected becomes true: that he’s still hopelessly in love with the person, and that he feels they’re so deeply bonded that true separation is impossible. A sense of fate, or fatedness, is present in that belief in such a deep bond. His conviction that their fates are shackled together seems almost Catholic — it’s as if once married, they can never truly be separated, at least in a spiritual sense, in God’s eyes.

In his book Dylan’s Visions of Sin, Christopher Ricks makes much of the Keastian side of ‘You’re a Big Girl Now’. “And I’m just like that bird …” But here Dylan does one better than Keats; through a direct simile, he not only aligns himself with the bird but becomes it. And, like the bird, he is singing for the sake of singing; he’s very aware that he won’t necessarily get anything in return. But he sings on, anyway, just to please her, to be background music to which the belovéd can live out their day.

The sincerity of the song is also present, I feel, in its less beautiful side: the almost patronizing remark that ‘You’re a Big Girl now’. There are hints of Dylan’s earlier, derisively misogynistic ‘Just Like a Woman’. It’s certainly Dylan speaking here. And he seems to almost resent Belovéd’s self-agency, which has led to her departure.

Whatever Dylan might say about the album, whether or not the reader likes the album, I think it’s impossible to deny its sincerity. And, with that, I urge you to listen to it. Then perhaps you’ll agree with me that it’s not only

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Culture

Is Gender Neutral Fashion Here to Stay?

Is Gender Neutral Fashion Here to Stay?

Sophie Harding

 

The way we dress is one of the biggest expressions of our identity. In an ever more overwhelming world, fashion helps us to explore our own personal style and taste; it is an authentic expression of identity. The flexibility and creativity of fashion allow it to be the ideal medium for non-binary expression, and as it has become more widely accepted that gender is a spectrum rather than a group of rigid categories, gender neutral style has become more and more prevalent in mainstream fashion.

In both the streetwear and runway fashion industries, designers and influencers have begun to embrace androgyny in their designs and ignore the constraints of ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’ garments. This would lead us to believe outdated notion of gendered clothing is on a decline, but it is worth questioning the authenticity of the fashion industry and commitment it has to this cause. Is the popularity of gender-neutral design simply part of another trend cycle, destined to disappear alongside shoulder pads and jeggings, or will the presence and influence of non-binary catering brands and designers mean that it is here to stay?

Streetwear brands such as Aimé Leon Dore, Wildfang and Barragán all embrace androgyny in their collections, not only enabling their clothing to be more inclusive, but elevating the very composition of their collections. The collusion of blazers with masculine silhouettes and feminine finishes, or ambiguity of garments that do not attempt to be either ‘male’ or ‘female’ creates clothing collections that exudes absolute creativity, not constrained to the binary labels that have been perpetuated by department store brands and other mainstream fashion.

Meanwhile, mainstream binary streetwear brands such as Supreme, Stussy, and Palace that traditionally make clothing for men have been reimagined by non-binary and female streetwear enthusiasts and influencers, who take classic masculine streetwear silhouettes and repurpose them alongside feminine colour pallets and accessories, surpassing the rigid constraints of the concept of ‘menswear’ and ‘womenswear’.

On the runway and red-carpet, high-end fashion designers showcase inspired couture that celebrates androgyny. Fashion houses are embracing gender non-conforming styles. Louis Vuitton’s 2021 summer collection aimed to ‘discover and abolish the last [gender] frontiers’ by adding unique twists to staple business and streetwear silhouettes. Marc Jacobs polysexual ‘Heaven’ collection honours iconic queer figures, inspired by the ‘D.I.Y spirit that connects subcultures around the world and recontextualises them for a new generation’. The list of luxury fashion houses embracing androgyny in their collections currently could go on and on.

Clearly, gender neutral design has a firm foothold on current mainstream fashion. Yet this does not reassure us that it will become a permanent feature within mainstream trends. The ‘unisex’ movement has taken the forefront of mainstream fashion in the past, and its time there was fleeting. In 1969, Paris runways saw designers such as Pierre Cardin and Paco Rabanne create ‘space age’ looks that refused to comply with historical gender associations. Alongside this runway breakthrough, second wave feminism saw women reclaiming their autonomy through their clothing, unwilling to indulge in ‘women’s’ clothing that perpetuated the gender norms that oppressed them. As a result, department stores began to create special sections for ‘unisex’ fashion, and it seemed that gender neutral style had finally hit the mainstream. Within a year, most of these sections had closed, and along with them the prevalence of androgyny on the runway. ‘Unisex’ design had little longevity in the mainstream market.

Alternatively, for subcultures throughout history, gender-neutral and non-conforming fashion has always been prevalent as a method of subversion and resistance. Elizabeth Smith Millers inventing bloomers in the height of the first wave feminist movement, goths in the 80s who repurposed ‘feminine’ makeup to create harsh and dramatic looks, David Bowie and his cover of “The Man who Sold the World”, wearing a dress and defining the androgynous movement in the 60s- these all encompass the way subculture has embraced androgyny to challenge societal norms.

By subverting the gender norms applied to clothing, non-binary individuals subvert the very ideas of gender that they do not conform to. It begins to dismantle the physical misconceptions of how a ‘boy’ or ‘girl’ should look and questions the very notion of applying genders to pieces of clothing. Subcultures have always used style as a bricolage in which the reassembling of traditional formats of clothing is utilised as a form of resistance. For many nonbinary people, gender neutral style subverts the norms placed upon them, and challenges the cisgender lens that dominates culture. It is worth questioning whether the ingenuity and creativity of gender-neutral design is more powerful in the context of these subcultures, and perhaps this would explain how it has never managed to break the mainstream market.

With gender-neutral fashion gaining popularity on the runway and in streetwear, will the fashion industry truly be able to start dismantling the binary worldview that it helped to create, or is this just the latest trend, a brief spark destined to fizzle out just like the androgynous trend that took place in the 60s? If this is the case, will it remain up to subcultures and non-binary groups to continue to challenge the outdated and invented notion of gendered clothing?

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Culture

Student Cooking Done Better

Student Cooking Done Better

George Jessop is a Liberal Arts Student at Leeds who works part-time as a chef at El Gato Negro, a tapas restaurant and bar in Leeds which has won multiple awards. George’s love of cooking expands beyond his job, and he writes accessible recipes for students, so they can enjoy good food on a budget.

 

George’s Chicken Ramen

 

A lot of students know the economic value of buying a whole chicken from Aldi, roasting it, then having it in the fridge. If you want to mix it up from chicken stews, sandwiches and pasta, this recipe is one of the tastiest ways to give those chickens a good send-off. As this is a bit of a lengthy process, I normally space the cooking over a few days.

 

As indicated below, this recipe works if you’re feeding a crowd or if you’re meal prepping – with chicken meat in the fridge and stock in the freezer you can throw it together for yourself in about 15 minutes.

 

Serves 5-6 people

 

Ingredients:

1 whole chicken

2 onions

2 carrots 

1 bulb of garlic

Sea salt

Black pepper

3 tbsp butter

2 thumb sized pieces of ginger

6 eggs

6-9 nests of medium egg noodles (hunger dependant)

Soy sauce

Vegetable oil

Sriracha

 

Roasting the chicken:

 

1. Check your chicken’s packet for oven heat and timings, just remember to preheat the oven.

2. None of the veg needs to be peeled, so half two onions, a few carrots (lengthways) and a bulb of garlic (vertically). With this, make a tray for your chicken in your roasting tin, so the bird doesn’t touch the tray.

3. Rub the chicken generously all over with butter, season well all over (including the cavity) with sea salt and black pepper, stuff the cavity with a lemon, and cook according to packet instructions.

 

Making the stock:

 

4. Either the next day, or once cooled, strip all the meat off the bones, set aside, and put the bones into a large pot. Add in your roasted veg, all of the roasting juices, a thumb sized piece of ginger thinly sliced (or grated), and optionally a few bay leaves if you have some. Fill up with cold water to cover everything by about an inch.

5. Bring to the boil, then simmer for 45 minutes. Strain through a sieve into another large pot, check salt levels and reseason if needed.

6. If cooking as a part of a meal prep, place freezer bags in a cereal bowl, ladle your chicken stock into portions, about 2 ladles per portion should do. Store in the freezer until ready to use.

7. If you’re cooking for a crowd, leave your stock simmering on a low heat.

 

If you’re cooking for a group:

 

1. Have your stock simmering on low. Put a full kettle on and get a large saucepan on high. Fill it with boiling water and season (with table salt) it to a bit less than sea-saltiness.

2. Put in an egg per-person and set a timer for 6 minutes. When two minutes have passed, add your egg noodles nests, about 1-1½ nests per person (be generous with the noodles).

3. Meanwhile, prepare your garnish: slice (at a 45° angle for perfection) your chillies and spring onion, slice your red onion into strips, coarsely grate or chop your ginger into matchsticks, pick your coriander, open the sweetcorn tin, cut your lime into wedges. Make sure the sink is empty.

4. When the time is up, drain your noodles and eggs into a colander, and immediately run both under cold running water, tapping the eggs gently to stop the cooking.

5. Get the same saucepan (or a wok/frying pan if you don’t mind the washing up) on a high heat with about 4 tablespoons of vegetable oil*.

6. Meanwhile, begin peeling your eggs (you might want a friend to help at this point) – using running water and gently rolling them on a surface helps.

7. When the oil is smoking, add in your cooked chicken, get it sizzling, add soy sauce to taste and your sliced/grated ginger.

8. Serving this for a group, it’s easiest to have noodles and eggs in bowls, then have your stock, chicken, garnish and eggs in the middle of the table. Just before serving, add 3 tablespoons of siracha to your stock and bring to a rapid boil for a few seconds so it’s as warm as possible when serving.

 

 

Cooking as a meal prep, ready in about 15 minutes:

 

1. Put a full kettle on and get two saucepans on a high heat.

2. In one, start reheating your frozen stock.

3. In another saucepan get some salted boiling water going. Put your egg in and start a timer for 6 minutes. After 2 minutes, add your noodles.

4. Prep garnish while they cook: slice (at a 45° angle for perfection) your chillies and spring onion, chop your red onion into strips, coarsely grate or chop your ginger into matchsticks, pick your coriander, open the sweetcorn tin, cut your lime into wedges.

5. When the time is up, drain both your egg and your noodles into a colander and immediately run both under cold running water. Give your egg a gentle tap to allow cold water to seep and stop the cooking.

6. Get your saucepan back on a high heat with some vegetable* oil in.

7. Carefully peel your egg (gently roll it and use running water to help).

8. When the oil is smoking, add in your cooked chicken. Add 2 teaspoons of soy sauce, and ½ of your ginger.

9. Cook for 1-2 minutes, until your ginger starts to take a slight colour.

 

10.  Assemble your ramen: start with a ½ tablespoon of sriracha in a bowl, then ladle in your stock and mix. Add your noodles, then top with the chicken, the rest of your garnish, then get your egg in the middle and slice it open.

 
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Culture

Is Travelling Overrated?

Is Travelling Overrated?

Naomi Sargent

 

Picture this: you’re sitting in your room, it’s a dreary Thursday evening – the rain is spitting, the sun has set (meaning you’ve only seen sunlight for approximately three hours), you’re struggling to complete a lecture. You give yourself a phone break. While scrolling you’re bombarded by Instagram baddies’ thirst-traps on jet skis, sunset sea pictures and TikToks of holiday compilations and recommendations of the best places you MUST visit. You’re suddenly hit by a craving for the crisp feeling of having showered after a day at the beach – with that atmosphere of the fresh feeling on your skin and clean hair and the smell of sun cream. To add fuel to the fire, the difficulties and stresses of vaccines, PCRs and amber lists surrounding holidaying these past two years accentuate your longing for lounging by the sea.

However, are the arguably most important aspects of travelling and its valuable experiences overlooked in favour of sunbathing and cocktails? It is undeniable that travelling offers many positives. It can teach us vital lessons by providing a gateway into other cultures; allowing us to encounter different foods, architecture, and customs. All of which introduce us to other ways of living, helping us to open our minds and become more accepting and knowledgeable. However, only if we immerse ourselves in these activities can they be truly embraced. They have to be sought out – whether through a tour, stepping out of our comfort zone to try new foods and escapades, or simply strolling around and actively taking in the foreign environment. All of which are all too easy not to do when lounging in the sun, eating in an English-tourist catered restaurant, or partying with cheap drinks.

However, it may not be fair to critique those who choose to welcome the relaxation a holiday can bring. Travelling can provide much needed rest – which is the thing many of us are truly craving when longing for a holiday. It has been linked to reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression by alleviating stress. Travelling also supplies a detached area away from the pressures of work or the draining feeling of being constantly surrounded by people we know. This allows us to temporarily disengage from these without feeling guilt or procrastination and subsequently gives us time to unwind in ways we actually want to. I, for one, love the feeling of reading in the sun – knowing that it is a book of my own choice and being without the pressure of having a deadline I have to finish it in time for.

Furthermore, whether you are on baecation, a lads trip, with the rents or alone travelling allows you to strengthen the bonds with those you are with (including yourself) by giving you the time to focus on them and create lasting memories.

Oscar Wilde wrote ‘travel improves the mind’, in line with this being abroad incontestably offers you many opportunities to do so by creating a secluded environment where there are bountiful chances to experience and learn. However, when looking at the benefits holidays have to offer surely these are also available at home. We have occasions to learn about different cultures and customs through our own education and conversing with others. Moreover, we should feel free to allow ourselves to give ourselves a break and time to destress from the everyday without feeling the need to justify ourselves to others with the excuse of a holiday.

So, in a sense the answer to whether travel is overrated is indefinite. While travel offers easy to access experiences and consequently precious life lessons, we shouldn’t fixate on the need to be abroad in order to do these things. The Dalai Lama said ‘once a year, go someplace you’ve never been before’, and while I agree with this sentiment encouraging