Categories
Travel

A Weekend in Monopoli, Apulia

By David Bayne-Jardine

In search of a weekend break from the stuffy heat of Bologna, my Erasmus friends and I find ourselves in salt-cured, sun-bleached Monopoli – a small coastal town in one of Italy’s southern and less-travelled regions, Apulia. That morning, mindful of our student budget (and less considerate of our body clocks), we caught a 6 am flight to Bari – the capital of the region – before heading down to Monopoli on a 30-minute train journey. 

 Perched on a boulder on a rocky beach, I dig my fingers into a fresh ciabatta roll, pulling the top and bottom apart to reveal the soft, moss-like interior. Tearing open a packet of mozzarella with my teeth, the milky brine spilling out onto the rock below, I arrange the fresh cheese on the bread. I space out chunks of a bright, fleshy tomato on top before smothering it all in fresh pesto. As I tuck into my beach sandwich, its freshness reminds me of the unequivocal vividness of life in southern Italy; that sensory intensity that makes it feel as if everything is being experienced for the very first time.  

 If Italy resembles a high-heeled boot, then Apulia runs from the lower calf to the bottom of the boot’s high heel, with Monopoli sitting perfectly where the wearer’s heel would be. In fact, just like a heel, Monopoli itself is something of a bridge between top and bottom – it has the basic tourist infrastructure present in the north of Italy, but nevertheless maintains that distinct southern aesthetic of white-washed buildings and a daringly slow pace of life. 

   Gone are the frescoes of Florence, the gondolas of Venice, the snow-capped Alps.  Places like Monopoli are a reminder of how Italy only recently became the country we know today, having been cobbled together in 1861 from wildly different cultures, each with their own languages, landscapes and lifestyles. Whilst tourist numbers are gradually rising in this gem of a town, it remains relatively untouched – according to recent figures it’s the fifth most visited place in Apulia, which itself registers as only the ninth most tourist-heavy region in the country. 

 Hungry after swimming in the crystalline waters, we amble down a bright but narrow street in search of a snack, mistakenly timing our perusal with the daily southern siesta. Scouring the shuttered shopfronts, we eventually stumble upon a small window serving panzerotti to take away. These local delicacies are essentially fried pizza turnovers that are stuffed with tomato, mozzarella and other specialties. We devour these whilst sitting on the old fortified walls, trying not to drip hot tomato sauce on our white shirts as we watch sailboats meander lazily across the horizon. 

   Licking sauce off my fingers, I notice the salt that seems to coat everything in this town, from lips, hair, and forearms to the bleached exteriors of the buildings.  With its advantageous position on the Adriatic Sea, the town historically played an important role in trade and commerce. To this day the sea remains fundamental in the daily lives of the Monopolitani, who take any opportunity to bathe in it, roast themselves on rocks, or enjoy some of the freshest seafood Italy has to offer. 

   Admittedly, there isn’t all that  much for a tourist to do in Monopoli, but leaning into the slow pace of life and appreciating what we usually take for granted is a central tenet of southern Italian philosophy. The town is ideal for a weekend break, or to stop off on your way to see the rest of Apulia and the south. A few days is the perfect amount of time to spend uncovering the town’s quaint churches and shops, lounging on its beaches and getting lost in the narrow, lamp-lit alleys.

   One evening we set up camp in a local bar, sipping Aperol under low-voltage fairy lights that glistened off our jewellery. A harpist plucks away in a nearby piazza, his music underscoring the locals who sit around us, passionately conversing in the thick local dialect that is so far from the straight-laced northern Italian we are used to. With a glass of wine in one hand, they gesticulate with a cigarette in the other, the hot tip of it darting through the night like a firefly. We share a silent joke among the seven of us, broad smiles tugging at our lips. It can’t get much more Italian than this.

Featured Image – David Bayne-Jardine

Categories
Reviews

DULOG’s Grease is a Slick and Certain Triumph 

By David Bayne-Jardine

The milestone musical Grease is a tough one to take on, but this raucous classic seemed light work in the hands of DULOG, Durham’s renowned student musical theatre company. With Michael Nevin and Sarah Johnston in the directors’ chairs, this highly anticipated production lived up to expectations, paying homage to the original film in all its riotous and camp glory. Some very minor hiccups did not detract from this rip-roaring testimony to both the talent of Durham’s student population and the exceptionally high standard of DULOG’s productions. 

Kitted out in leather jackets and slicked-back hairdos, the directors’ vision for this play was clear from the get-go: to present 1980s adolescence in all its absurdity and glamour, both mocking and paying tribute to the iconic hierarchy of popularity that governed high-school life. Jocks, nerds and belles-of-the-ball leant into their stereotypes with a campness that was hysterical and almost never overdone. 

Nowhere was this more the case than in Max Hildred’s portrayal of Danny, who was suave to the point of hilarity. Hildred’s character glided across the stage with that Travolta-esque fluency, as if every movement were a step in some ongoing dance. His knowing winks to the crowd and obsessive hair grooming perfectly captured the ridiculousness of the musical’s protagonist without compromising his undeniable sense of charm. 

All of Grease’s lead roles were brilliant, and backed by an equally impressive ensemble, whose mastery of complex choreography and harmonies left little to be desired. Every chorus member merged seamlessly into the ensemble yet maintained enough individuality to be memorable in their own right. In general, it must be said that the musical side of this production was immensely impressive – there were no points at which the cast lost control of the harmony, and the orchestra was synced with the action on stage to a professional level. From the opening number, the ensemble had the audience sat bolt-upright in their seats with their high-energy, high-calibre choreography. It was abundantly clear that every member of the cast was loving their time on stage. 

In the words of the directors, the goal of DULOG’s Grease was also to capture the intensity of teenage life – both ‘the highs and the heartbreaks’. The latter was certainly achieved through some heart-wrenching solo numbers. Mathilda Ketterer as Sandy gave a powerful rendition of ‘Hopelessly Devoted To You’ (a notoriously tricky number), and Talia Tobias’ ‘There Are Worst Things I Could Do’ was nothing short of knock-out.

Indeed, there are many contenders for the star of this show. Despite playing a relatively minor character, Celine Delahaye brought abundant life, hilarity and colour to the stage in every one of Miss Lynch’s scenes. Equally, a word must be said for Lucy Rogers, who played the ever loveable and brilliantly dorky Jan. Whilst some cast members risked over-acting at points, Rogers hit the nail on the head, gathering the most audience laughs by a mile but never over-egging the pudding. Rogers was a delight to watch on stage from start to finish. 

However, the real star of DULOG’s Grease would have to be Jobe Hart, who played Danny’s sidekick Kenickie. His solo number ‘Greased Lightning’ was the highlight of the production, perfecting the raucous and infectious energy that makes the track one of the musical’s most iconic numbers. It is not easy to make the overly macho, hip-thrusting choreography of Grease look natural or convincing, yet Hart pulled it off with fluency and ease. When he wasn’t showing off some brilliant dance moves, he was commanding the stage with a confidence and zeal that brought Kenickie to life. Hart’s character was at once intimidating and loveable – a nuanced portrayal that shows a young actor truly in his element. It is only fair to note that there were a few persistent issues with sound in the play. Misadjusted microphone volumes meant that certain characters were more audible than others, which led to some dialogue being obscured or lost. The highly anticipated kiss between Sandy and Danny was also slightly undermined by their mics making contact and picking up each other’s breathing. Nevertheless, none of this detracted significantly from the production. From start to finish Grease was an absolute riot; a testimony to the hard-work and talent of the whole team that put together such a challenging production. Wonderfully camp, entirely absurd and often rather touching, DULOG’s Grease had groove and it certainly had meaning.

Featured Image: DULOG

Categories
Perspective

Remembering Derek Jarman on World AIDS Day

By David Bayne-Jardine

Finally permitted to give in to that festive impulse, on the 1st of December the world hits ‘go’ on its favourite ritual of organised mania. We haul boxes of decorations down from the attic, hit ‘play’ on Mariah as we march through the cold, and anticipate like giddy children a month of comfort, good food, and boardgame-induced fights. 

Unfortunately, this means the much more significant meaning of this day, muffled and dampened by the tinsel and Bublé tracks, tends to fly under the radar. The 1st of December is also World AIDS Day – 24 hours set aside to commemorate the estimated 44.1 million people who have died from HIV/AIDS since the first reported cases in 1981. These figures make it one of the deadliest pandemics in global history; for comparison, the worldwide number of confirmed deaths from COVID-19 is 7.1 million.

To this day, there are still tens of millions of people living with HIV/AIDS, and yet it remains a condition as stigmatised as it is unknown. Charities and activists spend much of their time fighting the harmful misconceptions surrounding the disease. For a start, many remain unsure about the difference between the two terms. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus – the actual pathogen itself that enters a body, attacks its white blood cells, and weakens the immune system to make a patient more likely to develop diseases, infections, and cancers. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), however, is the name for the condition of depleted immunity obtained when someone is exposed to the virus. 

Others have misconceptions about the lethality of the disease. No, a diagnosis of HIV is not a death sentence (modern drugs allow a long and healthy life for many with the disease). Others believe it just affects gay men, but in 2023 the majority of new cases in the UK were amongst heterosexual people. 

As a schoolboy, I recall the word ‘AIDS’ being used as an adjective, synonymous with ‘rubbish’ or ‘annoying’. The term was a part of our everyday language, and yet none of us really knew what it meant. Even as a gay man myself, it wasn’t until my early 20s that I finally educated myself on the story of this disease; ironic, considering that it is a story so deeply tied up with that of LGBTQ+ emancipation. Almost all of my mates who I’ve spoken to about HIV/AIDS admit they know next to nothing about it, aside from the fact that a diagnosis is, in the words of one friend, ‘very, very bad news’. 

In the days when the disease was still being largely ignored by politicians, artists played a very significant role in raising public awareness and campaigning for action. One of these figures was Derek Jarman, a renowned British painter, filmmaker, and stage designer who died of AIDS-related illness in 1994, aged 52. His films were known for being highly political, visually stunning,and gloriously punk. Some of his most celebrated works include Caravaggio (his queer biopic of the rebellious Baroque painter), Jubilee, and Blue – a 79-minute still of the titular colour over which the artist meditates on living with AIDS. 

But it is another work created in this same year of declining health, mere months before his passing, that I want to revisit on World AIDS Day. Jarman’s ATAXIA: AIDS IS FUN (1993) is a striking canvas housed in the Tate Modern that is perhaps this artist’s most celebrated and moving painting. Violently spattered and slashed with paint, equal parts angry as it is despairing, ATAXIA offers a profound insight into the artist’s mind mere months before his death. 

What we are first drawn to in this painting is the sense of contrast between the colours themselves and the way they’re deployed. Bright, radiant, almost childish primary colours are applied on a luminous red background with a shocking sense of violence. This dissonance between typically ‘happy’ colours and their brutal application creates a sense of irony, a sort of black comedy that persists as we move through the painting. 

From the mélange of colours, we can quickly make out two lines of text: ‘ATAXIA’, and ‘AIDS IS FUN’. The former, ataxia, is the medical term for what Jarman experienced as the disease took hold of him – a disorder that affects muscle coordination and leaves patients with difficulty walking, writing, and speaking (we can see this reflected in the seemingly uncontrolled form of the painting). The latter line, ‘AIDS IS FUN’, is as disturbing as it is ambiguous. Perhaps it’s a macabre reference to the changes happening in Jarman’s body – the loss of control and new sensations could be considered ‘thrilling’ and ‘fun’ in a bleakly ironic way. 

As we continue rootling through the layers of paint, two more lines of text whisper at us through the canvas. On the bottom, we can make out a desperate and hopeless ‘LETS FUCK’; on the top, ‘BLIND FAIL’ emerges in strokes of murky green, alluding to Jarman’s own loss of sight. In fact, the artist gives the viewer a taste of the experience of blindness through the way information is obscured in the painting. Just as Jarman struggled to make out people and things around him as his eyesight declined, so too does the reader have to squint and scramble to find form and meaning amidst the wash of the canvas’s colours and textures.  

But it’s not just the way we are put in the shoes of the sufferer that makes ATAXIA special. For me, it’s how the painting invokes an image beyond the canvas we see before us. In academic terms, we could call this work ‘palimpsestic’ – the image we see on canvas prompts another image in our head: that of the artist creating the painting. In the violent brushstrokes we can almost see a dying Jarman slashing at the painting, angry at a world that for so long ignored this disease, angry at this disease for cutting his life short. 

In this way, behind the abstract painting lies an intimate and detailed portrait: a visionary artist, desperate and tired in his final months, engaging in a gruelling battle which he is destined to lose. Whilst Jarman stands out as an icon of the AIDS crisis, it is the millions that died before him and the millions that live with HIV to this day that society risks overlooking. I hope that on World AIDS Day, amidst the Christmas chaos, we can spare a thought for these forgotten people. 

Sources:

https://worldaidsday.org/about/

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19) (COVID-19)

https://nat.org.uk/about-hiv/hiv-statistics/ational AIDS Trust

Featured Image: Ataxia – Aids is Fun, 1993, Derek Jarman / Tate Collection

Categories
Culture

Short-shorts, Skirts and Croptops; What the Skimpy Menswear Trend Tells Us About Modern Masculinity

By David Bayne-Jardine

I lock eyes with Paul Mescal in the newsagents – a vision in short-shorts that stops me in my tracks. The Gen-Z heartthrob and award-winning ‘sad boy’ actor glares at me from the front page of the magazine. Decked out in a skin-tight cropped leather tank top and matching tiny shorts, his hips thrust provocatively into the centre of the photo, his arms stretched above him in a gesture at once powerful yet vulnerable. 

Over recent years, Mescal’s name has become synonymous with two things: tear-jerking portrayals of emotionally troubled men, and a worldwide obsession with short-shorts. Launched into fame in 2020 after playing Connell in the Normal People miniseries, his character’s humble and revealing Gaelic football shorts soon caught the attention of the fashion industry. Since then, as Mescal and other style icons have played with showing a bit more skin, retailers have reported skyrocketing sales in a sort of menswear very different from the norm. From Milanese catwalks to trendy cafes, from red carpet evenings to early morning park runs, men across the world have been sporting skirts, crop tops, painted nails and thigh-high shorts like never before.

In this photoshoot, his GQ cover story from November ‘24, Mescal exhibits this androgyny and playfulness that is taking over men’s fashion. After all, who better to represent male self-expression than the king of emotionally troubled men himself? In this post-COVID age of mental health awareness, as boys swap the late-night trauma dumps for self-care and therapy, their fashion is changing too. Brighter, bolder, tighter, smaller, scantier, hotter, gayer and girlier, it seems that as men loosen up and express themselves, so too do their clothes. 

It was not so long ago that glossy quarterlies like this one sold themselves by smothering their pages in a very different brand of masculinity. From the front cover, the likes of Cruise, DiCaprio and Brando defined male design as an affair of take-me-serious simplicity – expensive watches, white tees and razor-sharp tuxedos. If men were to be leaders and protectors, then their clothes needed to perpetuate that image – ordered, uncomplicated, unemotional. 

Now, I think as I absently flick through the magazine, things couldn’t be more different. Most of Gen-Z’s most successful heartthrobs are inclined, perhaps even expected, to rail against the boundaries of male clothing. Harry Styles made history in 2020 when he appeared on the front cover of Vogue in a blue Gucci ballgown. Bad Bunny’s Instagram is awash with dresses and skirts. Pedro Pascal rocked the Met Gala in 2023 with a flamboyant shorts and trench coat combo. Jacob Elordi, Milo Ventimiglia and Jonathan Bailey have all been papped showing off their quads in tiny shorts. 

But where did all this come from? What has prompted straight men in particular to start dressing more like the groups they once sought so hard to distinguish themselves from? As is often the case with mainstream culture, we are at least in part indebted to the Queer community for this sartorial about-turn. The sort of bold, playful and scanty clothing that A-listers are wearing nowadays was for years the dress code of LGBTQ+ subcultures, used to question gender binaries, promote self-expression and embody an ethos of sex positivity. 

As men are starting to open up, they look for inspiration in groups that have been expressing themselves for much longer – women and queer people. Of course, this is not the first time men have dressed like this (see John Travolta in Grease or Sean Connery as Bond), but it is certain that as previously marginalised narratives enter the mainstream, and as the playing field becomes more level, 2020s fashion is developing a distinctly gay and androgynous flavour.

Of course, it would be foolish not to acknowledge the deep irony that runs through this trend: when men dress scantily they’re hailed as transgressive; when women dress scantily they’re slut shamed or attacked. Feminine and queer fashion that was once dismissed as distasteful or offensive is now considered the epitome of good taste. 

As true as this is, it is refreshing to see men taking more risks when they dress themselves. In showing more skin, they make an attempt at vulnerability and have fun in doing so. As with all fashion, it is used to make a statement – ‘I am emotional, empathetic, a listener’ – that expresses allegiance to a new type of masculinity that tries to be less domineering and more empathetic. Of course, a pair of tight-fitting booty shorts, painted nails and a tank top won’t miraculously transform a misogynist into an ally (we’ve all seen the ‘performative male’ trend online), but it does signify an attempt by some to rebrand their masculinity into one with more tolerance. 

Naturally, this won’t be the only thing influencing menswear’s latest pivot. As summers get hotter clothes inevitably get lighter, and in our heavily pornographic society sex sells as much as ever before. After all, in an age where adult content is always a few taps away, when weight-loss drugs promise us almost any body we want, when daring sex stunts grab national headlines, is it not inevitable that we become more hooked on glimpsing our favourite celebs’ bodies?

In an era of momentary microtrends, the fact that the skimpy men’s clothing obsession is still going strong after half a decade signifies that something significant is shifting under the surface for men. Sure, it’ll all probably go out of fashion as quickly as it came in, but for now there’s nothing more stylish than a guy in unmanly clothes. So roll up that waistband and dust off mum’s skirts – showing some skin seems here to stay.

Featured Image: Paul Mescal / Vogue, 2024

Categories
Travel

Ode to Rome, Eternal City

By David Bayne-Jardine

‘That’s the thing about Rome – it becomes a part of you. The city lives inside of us Romans – in our bones, in our blood’.

As evening rain beats against the passenger window, Marco, Roman taxi driver of many years, explains to me why he has never lived anywhere aside from Italy’s capital. For his last shift of the day, now one of those spectacular winter evenings suspended between rain and sun, the born-and-bred Roman is taking me out to the airport, where I will fly home for Christmas after a three-month year abroad placement.

His comment, uttered with that casual romanticism native to the Italian language, strikes me as disarmingly poetic. In a typical Roman way, he lands emphatically on the consonants of each word, occasionally lopping off the last syllable of a verb. The result is a lilting, continuous musicality which renders everything uttered just that bit more passionate. 

Of course, in every city you will find people enamoured by their surroundings, convinced they live in the best place on Earth. What is perhaps more unusual, however, is the sheer quantity of Romans I met on my brief placement who demonstrated a similar infatuation to that of Marco, convinced that they will, truly, never go anywhere else. In short, it quickly became apparent that Rome is a whole world within itself: seductive, mesmerising and highly addictive. 

I whip my phone out of my jacket pocket and start frantically tapping down his remark, tentatively trying to get him to expand on his image. What does he mean when he says the city ‘lives in his bones?’ I sense a hint of surprise in reaction to my request, as if for him such strong patriotism for one’s city is merely commonplace – a given. 

‘Well, I miss it so much when I’m away, that I never really leave’. To avoid an unanticipated set of roadworks, here he strikes down on his left indicator, lurching into a narrow side street full of warm trattorias and well-dressed waiters. I gaze out the window through the veil of raindrops at the figures inside, who mop up pasta sauce with crusty bread and drink down glasses of wine.

‘Rome is a mess’, he adds, ‘but it’s all I’ve known. I was born a Roman and I will always be a Roman’. 

He loves it, he implies, like a family member – despite its imperfections (of which, he might add, there are many). And certainly, my otherwise-dreamy time in the Eternal City was peppered with the occasional reminder of its more challenging aspects. For one, practically nothing gets done on time. Of course, this isn’t something exclusive to either Rome or Italy, but in the EU’s third most populous city, when things don’t run smoothly you really start to feel it. Large-scale transport strikes regularly blot the calendar, turning a barely tolerable metro commute into a tooth-and-nail fight for the pavement. Construction sites remain open for years, festering in the Mediterranean sun and eating into already-feeble public funds. Corruption plagues local politics, and bureaucratic systems remain archaic, shuffling through administrative processes at a snail’s pace. 

To use a favourite Italian word, the city is, in short, ‘un casino’ – a mess. Somehow, everyone is frantic, yet nothing gets done. But still, despite this nightmarish concoction, I find there is something truly enchanting about it all; some spirit that, as Marco puts it, lodges in your bones and stays with you forever.  I met several other Romans in my time there who expressed an extraordinary love for their city, including a chef who has only ever lived in the same building – he now runs his cookery school two flats above where he first learnt to walk. His childhood best friend, now reaching 50, has also remained in the same apartment block since infancy. 

I explain to Marco that whilst you may well see this sort of situation in the UK, it would be much less common than it is here. Just as he raises his eyes to the rear-view mirror to respond to my comment, out of nowhere a bicycle flies into view, whizzing like a bullet in front of the car, narrowly missing its shiny bonnet. I, vicariously seeing my life flash before my eyes, grip the door handle and gasp, briefly and fearfully imagining what could’ve been a hellish end to my time abroad. Reflexively, Marco slams a hand on the horn and a foot on the brakes, providing a one-note accompaniment to his plethora of curses, soon to be joined in chorus by other drivers who similarly have been caught off guard. 

Indeed, this is the defining sound of Rome – the constant and erratic blare of hands on car horns. And yet, lying in bed in the dark, listening closely to the night, you might find an unlikely symphony emerging from this city soundscape. Like in some avant-garde piece, sounds which initially seem unrhythmical, spontaneous, gradually assume an unexpected musicality. Ambulance sirens, dissonant car horns, revs of sports cars and shouting from the street all combine to form an unexpected pulse. 

Rome is an engine fuelled by this organised chaos, and its people embrace it as their way of life. Nowhere is this more evident than in the case of crossing the road there. When I first arrived, I was shocked by how ballsy its pedestrians are. Streams of rapid traffic are brought to a stop by one person and their chihuahua (often both sporting stylish jackets), who step into the road with an inspiring, if not petrifying, confidence. 

However, I soon came to understand that in order to participate in the experience of Rome one must resign to its turmoil. You can confidently cross a busy road because Romans are wired to expect the unexpected; it is only if you hesitate, if you disrupt the ordered frenzy, that you might cause issues. And whilst drivers will always let you know of their frustrations through the medium of horns and inventive curses, as quickly as they rile up do they settle down – hands on the wheel, eyes forward, onward…  

And sure enough, Marco soon seems to forget about this near-incident with the bicycle, picking up a bit of pace as we get into the suburbs. The last of the December light drains from the horizon – golden, as honey, it drips into the cracks between the silhouetted buildings and shines on the dusky clouds like a lick of fresh paint. Rolling down the window, he pulls out a cigarette from the glovebox, lighting it inside the car before thrusting it out into the evening. His left hand rests limply on the car windowsill, the tip of the cigarette burning hotly, brightly, in the unexpectedly cold winter air. He pulls it in to take a long drag, the rich smoke and the car exhaust briefly mingling in my nostrils. 

Time passes, and as we trundle on in silence I still find myself caught-up on, and inspired by, his romantic declarations of love to the city, wondering what it is that makes it so intoxicating, so special, so fulfilling for its inhabitants. Accepting that I may not get any more poetic spouting from him today, I try to put myself into the shoes of a Roman – particularly, one of the many ones I met who feel they simply could not live without it. 

Perhaps it’s the remarkably well-preserved ancient city that lends Rome its incandescence. After all, is there any better-known empire than that of the Romans – that distant world where politicians, philosophers, poets and artists laid down the groundwork for Western civilisation? Indeed, walking through the Forum today, the Colosseum at your back, you cannot help but feel at least a touch moved by the significance of where you are standing; that, 2000 years ago, those toga-clad figures of your childhood textbooks walked the same cobbles that you do now. Looking out over the ruined temples, the destroyed pillar pedestals that jut out like wonky teeth, you almost feel as if you have inexplicably come full circle – as if you, a member of the human race, have somehow returned to The Start. 

And yet, I think to myself as we rattle along, this can’t be the sole reason for Rome’s magnificence – why hasn’t Athens, for instance, reached the same level of international infatuation? 

I pick up my phone and passively scroll through my notifications, opening and dismissing them one-by-one until all that is left is my screensaver – a zoomed-in detail of the ceiling fresco in Sant’Ignazio di Loyola, one of Rome’s most stunning churches. Angels and cherubs dart through pastel-pink clouds, the mastery of perspective and scale making the viewer on the floor feel as if they are gazing up into the infinite heavens. The time, now reading close to 18:30, is stamped on the top of the screen. An angel peaks over the top of the number 18, watching the evening steadily pass beneath it, notifications from the busy modern world appearing and disappearing beneath its playful gaze.

It dawns on me both then and over the successive weeks that it is not Rome’s status as an ancient city which makes it so enchanting. Rather, it is the sheer quantity of historical eras crammed into that one capital that make it so fulfilling; that, and how willingly said eras offer themselves up to you. 

That is, putting the ancient world aside, the city was just as much of an intellectual and cultural hotspot in the Early Modern period. In every church, in every park, on every street, Rome offers a work of mid-millennium art to its inhabitant – a glorious fountain by Michelangelo; a towering statue by Bernini; a chillingly graphic work by Caravaggio. It is awash with art galleries and museums dedicated to some of the greatest inventors, creatives and thinkers in world history, who all, at least briefly, found a home within the Eternal City. One feels overwhelmed, perhaps even desensitised, by the amount of art waiting to be discovered – faint at the mere thought of tackling another gallery. 

And that’s not to mention the fact that the city is also home to the seat of the Catholic Church – the pomp and circumstance of one of the world’s largest religions all takes place within Rome’s walls, with millions of pilgrims flocking to the Vatican every year to get nearer to the heart of their faith. What’s more, outside this urban island lies a less well-known but equally significant district – the EUR: Mussolini’s mid-century attempt at a new city centre, whose rationalist architecture, concrete tower blocks and sweeping boulevards make one feel as if they have stepped off the metro in Eastern Europe. 

From ancient ruins to medieval chapels, from Renaissance masters to fascist relics, Italy’s capital is one that wears its past on its sleeve. A walk through Rome is akin to a walk down the corridor of time, behind each door a well-preserved era of man awaiting its discovery, each in turn a reminder of the minuteness of our lives, the blink of time in which we inhabit, and of just how long humans have been doing exactly what humans do. However, perhaps unlike other ancient cities, it is the ease with which these doors swing open that makes Rome, Rome. Even with the lightest push of passive intrigue (a post-lunch amble down a narrow side street), the city offers its past up to the wandering tourist – a hidden, fresco-ridden chapel, a crumbling temple to a long-dead god, a striking reminder of a fascist past. 

And perhaps this is why its inhabitants can embrace the ebbs and flows of life to a greater extent – why they appear less fussed by order, rigidity and a ‘proper way of doing things’. Heading to work, going for dinner, walking the dog, Romans are surrounded by reminders of how long humans have been alive – that despite the hardship of war, or poverty, or oppression, the human race (and perhaps Romans in particular) have this remarkable ability to just carry on. And whilst some may find despair in this constant reminder of their own life’s brevity, it strikes me that Romans find the key to happiness in this very insignificance. They roll with the unpredictability of life (the death-wish cyclist, the umpteenth roadwork) because they know that what really matters is the small, pleasurable things – their family, food, love, art, wine, sport, music, dancing, and that short, sharp espresso that sets them on their way in the first few hours of the morning.

And sure enough, it is these very same topics that Marco seems keen to speak about as we near the airport.  

‘So how do you celebrate Christmas over in the UK?’ he asks me, briefly gesticulating in annoyance at someone cutting in front of us. He directs his eyes back to me in the mirror to show his genuine interest. Here we embark on an in-depth comparison of festive traditions in our respective countries. Indeed, despite myself and my efforts to embrace Italian culture, as we turn off to the airport, and as I describe the unparalleled delights of turkey and stuffing, I find myself guiltily drunk on the promise of a good old British Christmas: seething fires, floods of gravy and nights so black you could drink them down. 

‘In Italy at Christmas we eat everything’, he declares with pride, waving a cigarette around as if he is illustrating the dinner table for me. He describes the key celebrations during the festive season and gleams as he tells me all about life at home: his wonderful wife, his three young children, and their budding football prowess. We are pleased to find a cultural similarity in our shared love for roast potatoes, leaving me practically salivating as we pull up to the departures entrance. 

When I step out of the taxi the bright airport lights strike my eyes, the roar of aeroplane engines, of the global 21st century, buzzing in my ears. 

‘What have you got in there, a body?’ he jokes as he lifts my suitcase out the boot, accompanied by a slightly delayed laugh from me who takes a second to work out the meaning of the Italian ‘cadavere’. I lift my eyes to the sky, watching great beasts of metal soar up into the dark, their lights blinking bright and red as they disappear, nose-first, into the night. 

Smiling at me, and taking my hand, Marco wishes me a safe journey, and, with meaning, a very happy Christmas. 

As the aircraft pushes up through the sky, I watch the city unfold beneath me, revelling in that unique tranquillity of a plane journey at night, when it seems as if, for a brief few hours, life and time are stopped entirely. Below I can make out the twinkling suburbs, the pulsating city centre; I can almost hear the sirens and the shouts; smell the cigarettes. 

Marco’s words echo in my mind as the city disappears behind me, darkness surrounding us as we head out to sea. One can understand how such a city ‘lives inside’ its inhabitants when living there is to constantly be reminded of just how far humans have come. For him, and for many others, it is a lifetime honour to be ‘Roman’ – to be classified under the same term as some of the world’s greatest thinkers and creatives. 

And it is in this way, climbing through the sky, that I come to see the city as a true life experience – wildly infuriating, perfectly chaotic, endlessly intoxicating; forever, Eternal. 

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Reviews

Album in Review: ‘Hit Me Hard and Soft’ by Billie Eilish 

Candid, experimental and lucidly conceived, Hit Me Hard and Soft welcomes in a new era of Billie – a young artist in touch with her roots, but ever more willing to venture into new musical terrain.

By David Bayne-Jardine

Modern music consumption is becoming more and more short-lived. It is often the case that a few lines from a song go viral, soundtracking a new trend, only for the rest of the song, album, or artist’s work to remain relatively untapped. This is why Billie Eilish refused to release a single from her third studio album in advance. Hit Me Hard and Soft (2024) is designed to be listened to in one sitting; confident yet vulnerable, it calls for a return to the lost practice of album listening. Resisting staying in any place for too long, it is a stylistic rollercoaster that weaves between genres mid-song, and blurs the boundary between a track’s start and end. At times ecstatic and at others mellow, HMHAS marks a return to her roots in urban emo pop, but breaks into new musical territory in method and topic alike.

Eilish’s music has always drawn us close, both emotionally and physically. Launched into international fame at just 17 with her first album, When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?, addressing personal and taboo subjects with a rawness and realism has come to characterise her music. Physically, her breathy vocals create a distinctly personal relationship with the listener, and in the first track of HMHAS we are greeted once again with music that is questioning and open. A sequel song to her Grammy-winning ‘What Was I Made For?’, in ‘Skinny’ Eilish reflects on her life in the spotlight, as she struggles to grasp just who she is in a world adamant to define her by her recent weight-loss or queer sexuality. An enchanting, stripped-down guitar and bass line, topped off with light and vulnerable vocals is followed by the crooning, cinematic strings of the outro – a new experimental feature in Eilish and her brother FINNEAS’s music production. 

But in the first about-turn of the album, as the tenderness of ‘Skinny’ ends, so begins the driving, grungy sound of ‘Lunch’ – a track that gloriously celebrates her newly-discovered queer attraction in the heavy electronic style of her earliest music. Eilish’s coming out was not without some commotion, as the artist famously called out Variety for caring too much about her sexuality and not enough about her art. Her admittance that she’s ‘attracted to them [women] for real’ became the focus of many magazine articles, including that of Variety, despite having expressed her frustration at the media’s obsession with her sexuality numerous times before. In this song, for the first time, Eilish addresses her attraction to women confidently and openly. Her breath, sensitive and emotional in the album’s first track, becomes sultry and passionate in this song, combining seamlessly with sections of spoken word. 

So it seems that contrast lies at the heart of HMHAS, from the impossibility of the title’s demand to the quick-shifting genre changes that define the album. Light/dark play runs through ‘Birds of a Feather’, with its bouncy indie pop but morbidly obsessive lyrics. Safely describable as the most palatable song of the album, this fourth track is a head-bopping, smile-inducing, coming-of-age love song (it’s no surprise it features in the new season trailer for Netflix’s hit teen romance Heartstopper). Yet, in true Eilish style, the lyrics overlying the playful backing track speak in a darker tone – ‘I want you to stay/’Til I rot away, dead and buried/’Til I’m in the casket you carry’. Airy, light vocals transform into an impressive belting range in the later choruses – a technique with which she had experimented in her second album, Happier Than Ever, and with which she engages full-throttle in this, her third. In ‘The Greatest’, for example, the ascending vocal line climaxes into an immense belt of frustration and anger, before falling into an unexpected but powerful modulation. Eilish riffs in her upper range as the instrumental line marks out a more unconventional and experimental rhythm, where each bar of 8/8 is beat in groups of 3, 3, and 2. This head-bopping, heavy rock feel, aptly shows off the mastery of Eilish and FINNEAS’s writing and production.

It’s no coincidence that HMHAS seems much closer to the emo-rock style of her first album than that of her second. In her Rolling Stone Cover Story, Eilish expresses her desire to return to her electronic roots in HMHAS, describing her previous album’s more acoustic feel as a product of Covid and its restrictions – a time when she felt more out of touch with who she was. In HMHAS, Eilish revisits the topics and features of her first album, but this time with a sound that is more refined, mature and experienced. ‘Chihiro’ is like a more grown-up version of ‘bellyache’ with its punchy, sub-terranean bassline. ‘The Diner’ emulates earlier tracks like ‘Therefore I am’ with its immensely heavy downbeat. ‘Bad Guy’ is somewhat reborn in the bass-driven nature of ‘Lunch’. Whilst Happier Than Ever was refreshing because of its experimentation with a lighter, more instrumental feel, in HMHAS Billie turns back to the urban, technological music that first brought her to fame. 

And techno is what we get in ‘L’amour de ma Vie’ – the sixth and perhaps best track of her new album. The song opens with a rich, jazz-infused ballad sound, but is soon cut short in a mid-song transition that flings us into the incandescent, electronic world of the 1980s. A four-on-the-floor beat morphs into a driving techno line, accompanied by reverberating synth descants and heavily-processed vocals that tell of her liberation post-break-up. The juxtaposition characterising this song is as exhilarating as it is unorthodox, and occurs several times across the shapeshifting album. For example, reversely, in ‘Bittersuite’, synthy techno transforms into a lighter waltz, before moving seamlessly back into grungy electropop. A third transition occurs between the end of this song and the start of the final one, ‘Blue’, in which the oscillating synth line of ‘Bittersuite’ is reborn into a vocal melody. ‘Blue’ is very much a conclusion to the entire album, with the orchestral lines from the opening track returning to accompany Eilish, who reflects on the experience of her turbulent relationship. Another mid-song shift in style occurs for a final time, as Eilish admits the sympathy she has for her ex-lover, who, despite hurting her, has had their own struggles too. 

These elegant transitions across, and within, songs are testimony to the importance of listening to Hit Me Hard and Soft in its entirety, in order. In an era where music consumption is becoming increasingly momentary, where songs are TikTok-ified into short soundbites that come to define an artist’s work, HMHAS resists conforming to traditional album structures – it is very much a musical experience.